INTRODUCTION
Urban Sprawl has many problems of aesthetics, efficiency, and equality at the country if the country has high urban growth because many people came to city went out from rural, rural became undeveloped (Batty et al 2003, Terzi and Kaya 2008). At 2005, Malaysia has 2.75 percent of population growth and estimation population at year 2010 about 28.96 million, and predict that It has 63.8 percent urban and 36.2 percent rural (Malaysia Plan to-9 2006-2010). Many migrants came from other state to Selangor state (Department of Statistics Malaysia 2007, 1985). That’s why city need new land for housing, transportation, and other activity building. New land can use from the outside of the city. Not all migrant have successful live at the centre of city. Some of them become poor after go to the city than before still live at the rural, although the other migrant has economic success with more income than before. Especially for poor migrant in the city, they have many economic problems because their economic condition, especially salary, was insufficient cost fee to live in the center of the city such not enough for save environmental quality, transportation, buy home, rent apartment, education, and recreation (Batty et al 2003).
Then, many migrant choose house with low price rent. Low cost of rent house caused the payment was not enough to maintenance of facility. So many facilities at the low cost of housing have bad condition such break lif, slum condition, bad drainage and not healthy of environment. The people who live in low cost of rent housing were not comfortable. They still live in the center of the city because near from the place to work and to reduce output for transportation. Many people live with poor condition (Malaysia Plan to-9 2006-2010). In other hand, for people who have high income, the city likes “a heaven” because they can find many goods and facilities by easily. They have many alternatives for live in city or outside of the city.
The problems of migrant were more intense if there were many migrant from outside of the city came to the center of the city. The gap of differentiation between poor and rich people in the centre of the city, that have been a natural selection from hundred years ago until now and next. People who have been capability to live in city, they will live in centre of the city. But, for the people who didn’t feel comfort and not suitable in the city will go out to find new location in beyond this core (Knox 1987). Modern transportation was one factor to make people choose live in outside of the city. When in the morning until afternoon, people work in the center of the city and then in the evening, they go back home to outside of the city. These people called Commuters. The phenomena of commuters were one kind impact of urban sprawl and they make new centre activities in the outside of the city. This commuter’s phenomena are naturally characteristics and it can more rapid urban growth when the government has policy to make new centre in the outside of the city.
The commuter’s phenomena not only have positive impact, but also have negative impact. It caused traffic jam especially when the people go and back to work (peak hour). This traffic jam caused more expensive of cost for the commuter. One kind alternative commuter to save output was used mass transportation. But, not all destinations of the commuter have in route of mass transportation. So, some commuter uses two kinds of facility of transportation such private transportation at the first time and mass transportation after that. To solve traffic jam, the government makes many road and variation of transportation as fly over, monorail, double tract train.
For part of the people with feel the condition of the city not comfort for live, they will go out from the center of the city. Beside that, there are many exiting natural resources such atmosphere, water and social in the outside of the city. The distance was not became problem because there were modern of information and communication technology (ICT). Cyberjaya, Semenyih, Shah Alam and others city were example of the city with use ICT in Klang-Langat valley. People can work not only at home but also at the outside of the city to make transaction business using ICT facilities. As new tools, ICT still had many handicap such dominancy of visual transaction than virtual and ICT could not change all capability of work. If we are compare, The activity of ICT could result differentiation of land use pattern than without ICT. That’s why, this research was focus on the process of spatial or land use transformation of urban sprawl in the centre of the city and beyond of the city.
Then, many migrant choose house with low price rent. Low cost of rent house caused the payment was not enough to maintenance of facility. So many facilities at the low cost of housing have bad condition such break lif, slum condition, bad drainage and not healthy of environment. The people who live in low cost of rent housing were not comfortable. They still live in the center of the city because near from the place to work and to reduce output for transportation. Many people live with poor condition (Malaysia Plan to-9 2006-2010). In other hand, for people who have high income, the city likes “a heaven” because they can find many goods and facilities by easily. They have many alternatives for live in city or outside of the city.
The problems of migrant were more intense if there were many migrant from outside of the city came to the center of the city. The gap of differentiation between poor and rich people in the centre of the city, that have been a natural selection from hundred years ago until now and next. People who have been capability to live in city, they will live in centre of the city. But, for the people who didn’t feel comfort and not suitable in the city will go out to find new location in beyond this core (Knox 1987). Modern transportation was one factor to make people choose live in outside of the city. When in the morning until afternoon, people work in the center of the city and then in the evening, they go back home to outside of the city. These people called Commuters. The phenomena of commuters were one kind impact of urban sprawl and they make new centre activities in the outside of the city. This commuter’s phenomena are naturally characteristics and it can more rapid urban growth when the government has policy to make new centre in the outside of the city.
The commuter’s phenomena not only have positive impact, but also have negative impact. It caused traffic jam especially when the people go and back to work (peak hour). This traffic jam caused more expensive of cost for the commuter. One kind alternative commuter to save output was used mass transportation. But, not all destinations of the commuter have in route of mass transportation. So, some commuter uses two kinds of facility of transportation such private transportation at the first time and mass transportation after that. To solve traffic jam, the government makes many road and variation of transportation as fly over, monorail, double tract train.
For part of the people with feel the condition of the city not comfort for live, they will go out from the center of the city. Beside that, there are many exiting natural resources such atmosphere, water and social in the outside of the city. The distance was not became problem because there were modern of information and communication technology (ICT). Cyberjaya, Semenyih, Shah Alam and others city were example of the city with use ICT in Klang-Langat valley. People can work not only at home but also at the outside of the city to make transaction business using ICT facilities. As new tools, ICT still had many handicap such dominancy of visual transaction than virtual and ICT could not change all capability of work. If we are compare, The activity of ICT could result differentiation of land use pattern than without ICT. That’s why, this research was focus on the process of spatial or land use transformation of urban sprawl in the centre of the city and beyond of the city.
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